Blood glucose that is not well managed in a pregnant woman with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes might cause problems for the child and the woman:

Abnormality

The organs of the baby type throughout the first 2 months of pregnancy, frequently before a woman knows that she is pregnant. Blood sugar that is not in control can affect those organs while they are being formed and trigger serious birth defects in the developing infant, such as those of the heart, spine, and brain.

An Abnormally Big Child

Diabetes that is not well-controlled causes the infant’s blood sugar to be high. The child is “overfed” and grows additionally big. Besides triggering pain in the female throughout the last few months of pregnancy, an extra large baby can result in problems throughout birth for both the mom and the baby. The mother might need a C-Section to deliver the child. The infant can be born with nerve damage due to presures on the head throughout delivery.

C- Section (Cesarean).

A C-section is a surgical treatment to deliver the infant through the mother’s belly. A female who has diabetes that is not well controlled has a higher possibility of requiring a C-section to birth the infant. When the baby is born through a C-section, itis a major surgical procedure  and it takes the mother longer to recuperate from giving birth.

Hypertension (Preeclampsia).

When a pregnant female has hypertension, protein in her urine, and frequently swelling in fingers and toes that do not disappear, she may have preeclampsia. It is a serious issue that requires to be watched closely and managed by her medical professional. High blood pressure can cause harm to both the woman and her developing infant. It might result in the child being born early and likewise might trigger seizures or a stroke (a blood clot or bleeding in the brain that can result in brain damage) in the female during labor and birth. Women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have high blood pressure more often than women without diabetes.

Early (Preterm) Birth.

Being born too early can result in problems for the child, such as breathing or other lung issues, heart issues, bleeding into the brain, intestinal tract issues, and vision problems. Women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are most likely to give birth to premature babies than women without the disease.

Low Blood Sugar Levels (Hypoglycemia).

Individuals with diabetes who take insulin or other diabetes medications can develop blood glucose that is too low. Low blood sugar can be a major, and even fatal condition, if not treated rapidly. If ladies watch their blood sugar closely and deal with low blood sugar early, seriously low blood sugar ailments can be avoided.

Her child can quickly develop low blood sugar after birth if a lady’s diabetes is not well controlled throughout pregnancy. The baby’s blood glucose must be watched for numerous hours and even days after delivery.

Miscarriage or Stillbirth.

A miscarriage is a loss of the pregnancy prior to 20 weeks. Stillbirth implies that after 20 weeks, the child passes away in the womb. Miscarriages and stillbirths can occur for numerous reasons. A woman who has diabetes that is not well managed has a higher chance of having a miscarriage or stillbirth.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/diabetes-types.html.